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The New Delhi Municipal Committee’s reported plan to tie up with a private company to get electronic waste (e-waste) recycled and disposed of safely seems a well-conceived move aimed at tackling the health and environmental hazards posed by discarded modern gadgets. Almost unheard of till a couple of decades back, e-waste now constitutes a sizeable chunk of urban waste. In the absence of appropriate arrangements for its safe disposal, much of this hazardous junk either lands in the usual garbage landfills or is recycled in a crude and highly unsafe manner by the unorganised sector. The electronic and electrical equipment commonly used in homes, offices and factories, including computers, mobile phones, TVs, refrigerators and air-conditioners, contain highly toxic substances like lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, arsenic and others which can cause nervous and respiratory ailments, muscular weakness and dreaded diseases like cancer. Worse still, some of these substances are capable of damaging the DNA and causing genetic disorders. When dumped in landfills along with other garbage, these can spew environment-damaging fumes and leach down to pollute underground water, rendering it unfit for drinking and other purposes.
It is, therefore, imperative that these items, when discarded, are handled separately from other solid waste and disposed of in a safe manner. Only technically competent bodies can do this, and many countries have put in place mandatory systems and stringent norms for the purpose. In India, unfortunately, the guidelines issued by the environment ministry seek voluntary compliance and, hence, are not enforceable. The system of making it obligatory for manufacturers to take back life-expired items for safe disposal, which is working quite well in quite a few countries, does not seem practical in Indian conditions though some companies have voluntarily opted to do so. A sizable part of the electrical and electronic items, including computers and TVs which constitute the largest chunk of e-waste, are assembled in the unorganised sector where no single entity can be held responsible for taking back the discards. Besides, collecting junked items is a formidable problem for companies and unless such collections are sizeable enough it is uneconomic for them to set up recycling and disposal plants. However, exclusive e-waste handling units, capable of scientific processing of electronic gadgets regardless of their make, can be viable as they can source their supplies from the kabadiwalas (junk dealers)
